Waste Stabilization
By mixing the SAMMS™ powder with wastes such as non-liquid sludges and soils, the metal is stabilized in SAMMS™ whenever the wastes are leached by rainwater or other acidic groundwater (as a result of enzymatic reactions), thus stabilizing these wastes to comply with regulations. In situ stabilization with SAMMS™ may be cost-effective, efficient, and timely, especially for large-volume wastes in ponds and ditches. Although the metal-loaded SAMMS™ can control metal solubility to meet Universal Treatment Standards, it also can be easily stabilized for years into apatites that exist in nature by simply immersing these materials in an aqueous mixture of phosphoric acids and calcium hydroxides.